Data Analysis

library(tidyverse)
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Import the cleaned .RData

load("military_clean.RData")

List your questions

  1. What are the top 10 countries with the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024?
  2. What are the top 3 countries in Asia with the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024?
  3. What are the top 10 countries with the highest average military spending from 2014 to 2024?
  4. What are the top 3 countries in Asia with the highest average military spending from 2014 to 2024?
  5. Which region has the highest average military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024?
  6. For the top 10 countries with the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024, the line plot maps the trend in their military spending as a percentage of GDP from 2014 to 2024.
  7. For the top 3 Asian countries with the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024, the line plot maps the trend in their military spending as a percentage of GDP from 2014 to 2024.

Answer each question in order

#1) What are the top 10 countries with the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024?

top_10 <- df_clean |>
  filter(year == max(year)) |>
  arrange(-spending) |>
  head(10)
top_10
# A tibble: 10 × 4
   country      region       year spending
   <chr>        <chr>       <dbl>    <dbl>
 1 Ukraine      Europe       2024   0.345 
 2 Israel       Middle East  2024   0.0878
 3 Algeria      Africa       2024   0.0797
 4 Saudi Arabia Middle East  2024   0.073 
 5 Russia       Europe       2024   0.0705
 6 Myanmar      Asia         2024   0.0679
 7 Oman         Middle East  2024   0.0559
 8 Armenia      Europe       2024   0.0548
 9 Azerbaijan   Europe       2024   0.0499
10 Kuwait       Middle East  2024   0.0484
top_10_list <- top_10$country
print(top_10_list)
 [1] "Ukraine"      "Israel"       "Algeria"      "Saudi Arabia" "Russia"      
 [6] "Myanmar"      "Oman"         "Armenia"      "Azerbaijan"   "Kuwait"      
#The top 10 countries with the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024 are: Ukraine, Israel, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Myanmar, Oman, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Kuwait. Ukraine has the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP of 34.5%.

#2) What are the top 3 countries in Asia with the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024?

top_3 <- df_clean |>
  filter(year == max(year)) |>
  filter(region == "Asia") |>
  arrange(-spending) |>
  head(3)
top_3
# A tibble: 3 × 4
  country         region  year spending
  <chr>           <chr>  <dbl>    <dbl>
1 Myanmar         Asia    2024   0.0679
2 Brunei          Asia    2024   0.0358
3 Kyrgyz Republic Asia    2024   0.0297
top_3_list <- top_3$country

#The top 3 Asian countries with the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024 are: Myanmar, Brunei, and Kyrgyz Republic. Myanmar had the higest spending: 6.8% of GDP.

#3) What are the top 10 countries with the highest average military spending from 2014 to 2024?

df_clean |>
  filter(year >= 2014) |>
  group_by(country) |>
  summarise(avg_spending = mean(spending,na.rm = TRUE)) |>
  arrange(-avg_spending) |>
  head(10)
# A tibble: 10 × 2
   country              avg_spending
   <chr>                       <dbl>
 1 Ukraine                    0.114 
 2 Saudi Arabia               0.0878
 3 Libya                      0.0837
 4 Oman                       0.0765
 5 Qatar                      0.0648
 6 United Arab Emirates       0.0564
 7 Algeria                    0.0563
 8 Israel                     0.0555
 9 Kuwait                     0.0523
10 Russia                     0.0464
#The top 10 countries with the highest average military spending from 2014 to 2024 are: Ukraine, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Israel, Kuwait, Russia. Ukraine spent on average 11.4% of their GDP per year on military spending during the 10 years.

#4) What are the top 3 countries in Asia with the highest average military spending from 2014 to 2024?

df_clean |>
  filter(year >= 2014) |>
  filter(region == "Asia") |>
  group_by(country) |>
  summarise(avg_spending = mean(spending,na.rm = TRUE)) |>
  arrange(-avg_spending) |>
  head(3)
# A tibble: 3 × 2
  country  avg_spending
  <chr>           <dbl>
1 Myanmar        0.0384
2 Pakistan       0.0323
3 Brunei         0.0314
#The top 3 countries in Asia with the highest average military spending from 2014 to 2024 are: Myanmar, Pakistan and Brunei. Myanmar spent on average 3.8% of their GDP per year on military spending during the 10 years.

#5) Which region has the highest average military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024?

df_clean |>
  filter(year == 2024) |>
  group_by(region) |>
  summarise(avg_spending = mean(spending,na.rm = TRUE)) |>
  arrange(-avg_spending) |>
  head(1)
# A tibble: 1 × 2
  region      avg_spending
  <chr>              <dbl>
1 Middle East       0.0398
#The Middle East has the highest average military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024, spending around 4% of their GDP in military spending.

###Chart 1: For the top 10 countries with the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024, the line plot maps the trend in their military spending as a percentage of GDP from 2014 to 2024.

df_clean |>
  filter(year >= 2014) |>
  filter(country %in% top_10_list) |>
  ggplot(aes(x = year, y = spending, color = country)) + 
  geom_line() + 
  geom_point() +
  theme_bw() +
  labs(title = "Ukraine's military spending skyrocketed since 2021",
       x = "Year",
       y = "Military spending/GDP")

###Chart 2: For the top 3 Asian countries with the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024, the line plot maps the trend in their military spending as a percentage of GDP from 2014 to 2024.

df_clean |>
  filter(year >= 2014) |>
  filter(country %in% top_3_list) |>
  ggplot(aes(x = year, y = spending, color = country)) + 
  geom_line() + 
  geom_point() +
  theme_bw() +
  labs(title = "Myanmar's military spending spiked in 2024",
       x = "Year",
       y = "Military spending/GDP")

###Chart 3: For the top 10 countries with the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024, the line plot maps the trend in their military spending as a percentage of GDP from 2000 to 2024.

df_clean |>
  filter(year >= 2000) |>
  filter(country %in% top_10_list) |>
  ggplot(aes(x = year, y = spending, color = country)) + 
  geom_line() + 
  geom_point() +
  theme_bw() +
  labs(title = "2024 Top 10 countries' military spending since 2000",
       x = "Year",
       y = "Military spending/GDP")
Warning: Removed 6 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

###Chart 4: For the countries in the Middle East,the line plot maps the trend in their military spending as a percentage of GDP from 2014 to 2024.

p1 <- df_clean |>
  filter(year >= 2014) |>
  filter(region == "Middle East") |>
  ggplot(aes(x = year, y = spending, color = country)) + 
  geom_line() + 
  geom_point() +
  theme_bw() +
  labs(title = "Middle Eastern countries' military spending since 2014",
       x = "Year",
       y = "Military spending/GDP") +
  facet_wrap(~country, scales = "free_y")

p1
Warning: Removed 51 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_line()`).
`geom_line()`: Each group consists of only one observation.
ℹ Do you need to adjust the group aesthetic?
`geom_line()`: Each group consists of only one observation.
ℹ Do you need to adjust the group aesthetic?
Warning: Removed 51 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

#Israel is the only country seeing a significant increase in military spending as a percentage of GDP from 2014 to 2024. 
# Save plot as PNG
ggsave("middleeast.png", plot = p1, width = 8, height = 6)
Warning: Removed 51 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_line()`).
`geom_line()`: Each group consists of only one observation.
ℹ Do you need to adjust the group aesthetic?
`geom_line()`: Each group consists of only one observation.
ℹ Do you need to adjust the group aesthetic?
Warning: Removed 51 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).
df_clean |>
  filter(year >= 2014) |>
  filter(region == "Middle East") |>
  ggplot(aes(x = year, y = spending, color = country)) + 
  geom_line() + 
  geom_point() +
  theme_bw() +
  labs(title = "Middle Eastern countries' military spending since 2014",
       x = "Year",
       y = "Military spending/GDP") 
Warning: Removed 51 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_line()`).
Warning: Removed 51 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).